Question 1

How is annuity different from differentiated payment?

Accepted Answer

The annuity payment is the same throughout the term: at the beginning it has more interest, at the end - the principal debt. With differentiated debt is repaid in equal shares, and interest is accrued on the balance, so the payment is less with each month. The overpayment of the differentiated is less, but the first payments are more.

Question 2

How to calculate an annuity payment?

Accepted Answer

According to the formula P = S × i / (1 − (1 + i)^−n), where S is the loan amount, i is the rate per month (annual rate / 12 / 100), n is the number of months. Credit 1,000,000 rubles. at 12% for 12 months: i = 0.01, payment - 88 848.79 rubles, overpayment - 66 185.45 rubles.

Question 3

What is an effective rate?

Accepted Answer

The rate taking into account the extradition commission. The commission is paid immediately, and less money comes to hand, and interest is accrued for the entire amount, so the loan is actually more expensive than the announced rate. The calculator considers it the same as the total cost of the loan: the rate per month at which the money received is equal to all payments, multiplied by 12.

Question 4

Why is the bank payment different?

Accepted Answer

Banks often charge interest on the actual number of days in a month rather than the 1/12th annual rate, take into account the date of issue, and add insurance or service fees. The difference is usually pennies or rubles per month; the bank issues the exact schedule together with the contract.

Question 5

Can interest on the loan be taken into account in expenses?

Accepted Answer

Yeah. Interest on the loan - non-realization expenses (Articles 265 and 269 of the Tax Code), on the USN "income minus expenses" - expenses under subparagraph 9 of paragraph 1 of Article 346.16. The main debt is not considered an expense: it is the return of money received.

Question 6

What is the rate if the bank hasn’t named it yet?

Accepted Answer

For an assessment, start with the key rate of the Bank of Russia: banks give loans to businesses more expensive than it - how much depends on the bank, collateral and your reporting. The current key rate is shown in the hint under the field.

Question 7

Why is the overpayment less than the rate x term?

Accepted Answer

Because interest is charged on the balance of the debt, and it decreases with each payment. A loan of 1,000 rubles. at 20% for 3 years would cost 600 rubles. percent, only if you owed the entire amount and returned it at the end. With a monthly repayment, on average, you owe about half the amount: with an annuity, interest is 337.95 rubles, with a differentiated payment - 308.33 rubles.

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